AI

Systems that perform tasks normally requiring human reasoning, increasingly used by both defenders and attackers.

AI refers to systems that perform tasks normally requiring human reasoning, such as classification, anomaly detection, and pattern recognition across large datasets. Defenders apply it to threat detection, log analysis, and automated triage, while adversaries use it to craft convincing phishing, produce malware variants, and scale social engineering. Exam-relevant concerns include adversarial inputs that manipulate automated systems, data poisoning of training sets, and the risk of overreliance on opaque decisions without human validation.